What role does the North/South Poles play in navigation?

The North and South Poles serve as fixed points for measuring latitude, which is essential for navigation. Latitude is defined by the angular distance of a location north or south of the Earth's equator, and the poles are at the extremes of this latitude scale, at 90 degrees North and 90 degrees South. When sailors or navigators determine their position on a map or chart, they rely on these fixed points to accurately gauge their latitude. This system allows navigators to plot courses, avoid hazards, and understand their position relative to other geographical features.

Options related to speed, maritime trade routes, or boundaries of navigation zones do not directly tie into the fundamental role of the poles in establishing latitude. Speed is determined by various navigational instruments and calculations, while trade routes are influenced by multiple factors and not solely defined by the poles. Similarly, boundaries for navigation zones are established based on regulations and geographical considerations, again independent of the poles' primary function in latitude measurement.